Coming to terms Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Settling - Term Paper Example By and by, a space for change is step by step taking course. Edification has hit the African mainland running and no uncertainty sooner rather than later, so close than anyone is expecting, this landmass is freeing itself from rehearses which have authored it to periods of a work in progress and social shameful acts. Adolescents resolved to better the spot of their introduction to the world are ascending to the event without any conciliatory sentiments of recovering back what defilement, helpless administration, and sycophancy has taken from their nations. This is the image which is portrayed by the symbol of African writing, Chinua Achebe in his world’s prestigious novel â€Å"A Man of the People†. As he ridicules the circumstance of how African legislative issues and economy has been brought down on its stoops without anyone else disapproved of covetous pioneers, an exercise is found out of the probability of Africa one day being humanized to statures anyone will leave to venerate. The portrayal of pioneers like Chief Nanga who are delineated in the novel as boss leaders in the top country’ s overseeing body, the bureau, is an alert that individuals need to become acquainted with requirement for change. Chinua Achebe in his book he utilizes parody in assaulting political administration in Africa. The primary character who is boss Nanga is portrayed to ascend to the bureau position not on grounds of subjective qualifications yet on unadulterated sycophancy that saw the nation being talked about not too bad to valleys of swelling. Other than securing to the force, these government officials need to stay there by all methods which incorporates giving power impressions of how the bureau work is intense. Unequivocally Chief Nanga is cited saying, â€Å"...if someone need to make you a clergyman, run away†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Achebe, p.1-154). By investigating the profundity of this announcement, Chinua Achebe was attempting to draw out the certainty of how the individuals who are in power in Africa are submitted into guaranteeing that they paint a terrible

A Study on the Effect of De-Selection on Elite Youth Footballers Essay

A Study on the Effect of De-Selection on Elite Youth Footballers - Essay Example The contestants to the grant program were from the best players between age 16 and 19. Every one of the members performed two meetings. Each meeting arrived at the midpoint of a period of an hour. Their preferred meetings were directed in areas. The meetings didn't follow a tight timetable; rather, they were reflexive with temporary subjects arranged minutes before the meetings. The job of the questioner was to empower the interviewee to portray his story in his own way. Along these lines, the questioner was an attentive person. The questioner put away each meeting in an audiotape and translated before another meeting occurred. The questioner sought after developing issues in the following meeting. After the gathering of the information, the scientists dissected it by perusing the transcripts with the perspective on recognizing account sections and topics in the transcripts. They at that point followed this with composing explanatory updates to give connects to normal topics. The spe cialists followed these indistinguishable ideas in the following gathering. From the information acquired, the specialists had the option to reproduce the lives of the reporters when their de-determination. The approach utilized and avocation for its utilization. ... 572). In the interpretive life story, analysts start by finding set up archives and different accounts. Some might be of a quantitative sort, however it is pertinent on the off chance that it portrays a person’s life. All things considered, the primary material in this exploration exudes from the various meetings the analyst has with the respondent. Of most intrigue, are occasions that prompted a wonderful change in the respondent’s life. The analyst might need to visit the genuine spot where the occasion happened. After this, the specialist attempts to interpret the importance of those occasions in the respondent’s life. The analyst may depend on his impression about the occasion. The interpretive memoir strategy includes the utilization and obtaining of archives relating to a subject’s; individual life, records and accounts that clarify on critical achievements in a person’s life. The focal point of the interpretive life story technique is a perso n’s educational encounters (Lewiss-Beck and Bryman 2004, p. 507). The utilization of the true to life technique has its premise on the contention that, the individuals who lived are the main ones who can know their lives. On the other hand, through their portrayals, which incorporate stories and individual accounts among others. The significance of these occasions is just noticeable in the exhibitions of the individuals who experienced those lives. As per Thomas Murray 2003, scientists plan memoirs to serve a few capacities. One of the reasons for existing is to save a record of an unmistakable person’s advancement and commitments. Another design is to address mixed up personalities. It can likewise serve to show perusers exercises through another person’s life or to follow open and private activities of the subject considering finding

Accounting Information Systems Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bookkeeping Information Systems - Article Example The Act is accepted to have obviously upgraded the review quality, however its Section 404, which worried on interior control other than the financials, has been broadly viewed as untimely. In any case, execution of the Act had guaranteed that organizations settled on better choices and by and large even found unrivaled skill bringing about cost investment funds. In the underlying stage, organizations needed to bring about higher costs to perform broad reviews of their inside control frameworks and therefore in the underlying long stretches of its usage, there were reports of numerous organizations going private as they couldn't manage the cost of the reviews. Despite cost included and the convoluted review prerequisite, SOX has had the option to brace the capacity of self-ruling review boards of trustees regarding predominant corporate administration. The survey of the above article encouraged in reaching the resolution that the viewpoint of the writer is pleasing. The article focuses on the requirement for assessment and assertion of corporate organizations’ inside control productivity. It underlines that however SOX and Section 404 commits an intensive assessment of all budgetary detailing related inner controls and, henceforth, requires an enormous measure of assets, its positive effect on the nature of review and corporate administration makes it profoundly useful and a need in the cutting edge business condition. Be that as it may, other than assessment of inner controls, accentuation ought to be made on figuring controls around security of data.

The Fundamental Attribution Error of Blame Its your fault youre fat Essaypilot

Introduction Many individuals around the world living with obesity are sometimes blamed in many instances which is mostly caused by perception from society. Most people think that its their fault that they are obese but most of these individuals sometimes show lack of issues involved with obesity while others just reflects lack of will to discuss issues concerning their health. A larger population of people living with obesity fail to discuss their weight issues with their doctors and in other instances their physicians fail to prescribe any way of managing their weights (Rebecca, Pearl Matthew, 2014). The individuals blaming obese people for their conditions sometimes fail to understand that obesity is a broad condition with many contributing factors which ranges from environmental, behavioral influences, biological, individual social cultural and sometimes even economic issues according to social cultural change may influence obesity as a result of movement from traditional living may be to ur ban living. Obesity blame game and the society The prevalence of obesity among its victims is dependent on various lifestyle factors such as lack of exercising, bad eating habits and also poor treatment of weight loss outcomes. As a result, these people are susceptible to blame, neglect and stigma. The blames on the individuals living with obesity has led to internalization of obesity or weight gain bad attitudes towards individual living with obesity which is associated with low public health working above and beyond consequences attributed to body mass. Blames to individuals living with obesity and overweight individuals may initiate and lead to making of policies that can assist in stopping or preventing obesity. Vital information to note from researchers is that if weight gain or obesity is attributed to conditions under ones control, then this will be associated with increased blaming and stigmatization towards people living with obesity. Analysis Obesity is a complex health factor. Sometimes the society view people living with obesity as ignorant and direct blames towards them without considering the factors that may have triggered the condition among the victims. The perception of the members of the society possess control attitudes attributed to individuals with obesity. Unfortunately, it is evident that the negative attitudes are the basis of all the blames directed to people living with obesity and which increase their stigmatization. Sometimes people with obesity shows a need for help from their doctors and health professionals for proper weight management. Evidences from researchers suggest that personal responsibility is not the sole determinants of public health. If obesity is attributed to personal responsibility then this poses a risk to public health. Associating weight gain to what most perceive as personal responsibility causes or leads to low government support to the public. There is need to emphasis p ublic policies in order to prevent and reduce obesity. Last (Rebecca, Pearl Matthew, 2014). Factors that contribute to the cause of obesity Personal responsibility in weight gain management for good eating habits and taking parts in physical exercise has been voted as the most determining factor of weight status. However, it has received a lot of criticism from the public health community because at runs from the reality of existence of other factors. Attributing weight gain or obesity to personal responsibility has been viewed has the source of belief that obesity can be controlled which may be seen as a source of encouragement and confidence among people living with obesity that they can lose weight.But when people living with obesity experiences difficulties or unable to manage and maintain weight loss then, these individuals failure to handle all these is equated to failure in personal will to lose weight. As a result of increased long-term results of weight loss endeavors that mostly concentrates on the individual willingness in our case referred to as the personal responsibility it becomes clear that personal responsility may not be enough solution to the weight gain risk. Parental obesity has been identified as one of the factors leading to the childhood weight gain which has been attributed by increased sedentary lifestyles by the parents to their childrens which ranges from the time allowed by the parents for their children to watch television , play video or even use phones or computers, much reliance on snacks and readily available foods and allowing their childrens to engage in high intake of energy foods with high energy and increased purchase of food for childrens which are rich in high fat, increased sugar and salts. Parental obesity in recent years has been recently attributed to some factors ranging from declining birthrates, reduced size families, income from both parents, and increased rate of divorce and the commercialization of the childhood foods.Parental obesity may have been contributed by the increased nagging by the parents to their childrens and increased nuanced behaviors which are persuasive to the parents ranging from pointing to items with increased sugars, fats or salts to sometimes grabbing, using persuasive language and other times emotional strategies by persuasive childrens to their passive parents especially mothers.In the long run, parents gain experiences of being nagged by their childrens for certain foodstuffs or anything that their childrens asks for, and they too gain skills in attending to the requests made by their childrens in order to meet their goals. Parents sometimes in a practical sense influences the buying and provision of some foods incase of some types of snacks though the childrens would have the ultimate decisions their parents acts as decision makers and ends up buying some of junk products, prepare and pack their childrens lunches and sometimes they provide money to their childrens for the purchase of these products.Parents are also the key shapers of their childrens eating habits and mainly their preferences by what they teach them concerning nutrition as they set examples for their children by practicing good eating habits. In general, most childrens are directed by their parents on whether they can consume some foods and if they accept their childrens to take these foods, what would these foods be. (Simon Eraser University et al, 2007) Obesity becomes a self-blame issue to many of individuals living with this conditions as they view weight gain as lifestyle issue and self-indulgence a perceptions which leads to assumption that you have failed in your will to fight this epidemic leading to low self-esteem and sometimes obese individuals if unable to make any of the changes in weight management methods they tends to build resentments on therapeutic prescriptions.People living with obesity tends to blame their selves for their status which can sometimes be easily seen in some messages such as eat less, move more which are words encouraged by the health system and the society at large. However much these people are told, they ends up placing the final source of what on themselves and held themselves responsible for immense feelings ranging from shame and guilt.( Paul H. Thibodeau et al, 2015).Self-blame dominates individuals living with obesity which affects their esteem and ability to handle and tackle weight management.(Sara F. L. Kirk et l,2014)genetics plays a key role in influencing weight gain by the individuals and therefore it plays a major role in contributing to obesity.in several ways, genetic designs behavior provides a suitable information or evidence regarding etiological importance of environmental factors or events because it is only in genetic design the effects of family and the environmental genes can be discussed and also ability to detect environmental factors which are not specified. The last contribution of genetic design behavior is the increasing determinants of unspecified environmental environmental influences which are shared among all the family members and those environmental influences that are not shared.( Jeff Niederdeppe et al,2014)If for example parental rearing was an important factor in determining the differences in weight but differed across the off springs then we might lack evidence for shared environmental influences. Shared environmental influences estimates can be found from a number of differing genetic behavior design.Genetic and family experiences which are shared all contribute to complete resemblance of the family where weight gain and obesity has been attributed to genetic influences.Experiences that are not specified but shared by the families lacks a major influence in individuals differences to weight and fat.( CarlosM.Grilo et al,1991)Family environmental has given out potential role of specific family behavior concerning obesity a nd weight gain concluding that parental weights may influence offspring status on weight and obesity.However, parental weight contributes little contributions to off springs weight gain and the obesity is taken as an environmental index, which agrees unspecified environmental experience which is shared in the family which also appears to have minor etiological results on obesity. Biological factors Biological attribution of obesity may lead to increased stigma and negative attitude by raising the perception that people living with obesity are totally different from healthy people which may lead to increased contribution to obesity.If obesity is attributed to the biological conditions it might interfere with ones self-esteem leading lack of will to participate in weight reduction and management policies.Biological attribution may turn to be a threat if it is going to interfere with the behavior of seeking the treatment which may contribute weight gain and obesity. (Rebecca L. Pearl*and Matthew S. Lebowitz, 2014).Health conditions of an individual may result to increased risk of weight increase, but being obese does not necessarily mean that you should receive medical care but if one is diagnosed with for example chronic diabetes then it may be easy to work with these people living with obesity. Here physicians can prescribe a specific treatment appropriate for these individuals.Health of a person is also a contributing factor as sometimes the physicians when suffering from certain disorders you are directed on the foods to consume and other times this results to a eating disorder leading to obesity.(Sara F. L. Kirk et al, 2014)Mentally problems are associated with increased obesity as these mentally impaired people tend to consume anything available without much consideration of the diet and also lack information on proper weight management though obese are not mentally impaired people.Addiction to certain foods is also a major problem and obesity should be represented as an addictive disorder which cannot increase weight bias. Scientists have noted that obesity mostly results from factors ranging from genetic and deliberate lifestyles preferences and physical exercises and activities. Addictive disorders are considered to be mental disorders. ( anet D. Latner et al,2014)Se lf-handicap asserts more value to their weight attributing many factors to their weight and believing that this can positively improve their live. they believe that they live more sociable life than others, live more active life than others and many other advantages than low self-handicappers..( anet D. Latner et al,2014) Stopping obesity play games In obesity blame game, causal attributions are the major components of considerations for responsibility attributions and general and blameworthiness. Active voice in obesity blame game, gives a sense of control of the status and causation that might be lacking in the voice that is active. Repeated measures in the obesity blame perceive control. Causation are influenced by the converges of verb voice which is just an example of how subtleties can produce adequate effects through influence of casual attributions. (Silvia Knobloch-Westerwick, 2008). Conclusion In conclusion, attribution of blame on some issues which may be a source of bad eating or healthy conditions, individual behavior can highly and negatively affect and impact individuals living with obesity. There is need for society to engage in a non-judgmental opinion concerning obese people and also important to note the relationship between weight gain and obesity and its many causes and not simply single causations. References Pearl, RL and Lebowtz, MS (2014) Beyond personal responsibility: Effects of causal attributions for overweight and obesity on weight-related beliefs, stigma, and policy support. Psychology Health, 2014Kirk, SFL, Price SL, Penney, TL, Rehman, L, Lyons, RF, Vallis, HP, Vallis, TM, Curran, J, Aston M (2014) Blame, Shame, and Lack of Support: A Multilevel Study on Obesity ManagementSilvia Knobloch-WesterwickThe Ohio State UniversityLaramie D. TaylorUniversity of California, Davis The Blame GameElements of Causal Attributionand Its Impact on SidingWithAgents in the NewsJanet D. Latner,Rebecca M. Puhl Jessica M. Murakami,Kerry S. OBrien Food addiction as a causal model of obesity. Effects on stigma, blame,and perceived psychopathologyeff Niederdeppe, Michael A. Shapiro, and Hye Kyung Kim Narrative Persuasion, Causality, Complex Integration, and Supportfor Obesity Policy Health Communication, 29: 431â€Å"444, 2014Paul H. Thibodeau, Victoria L. Perko, Stephen J. Flusberg The relationship between narrative classification of obesity andsupport for public policy interventions Department of Psychology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, USACarlos M.Grilo Michael EPogue-Geile,The Nature of Environmenta lInfluences onWeight and Obesity: A Behavior Genetic Analysis. Department of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh.

Southern Oregon University Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Southern Oregon University is a public liberal arts university with an acceptance rate of 76%. Located on an attractive 175-acre campus in Ashland, Oregon, students at SOU can choose from 37 undergraduate majors. Pre-professional areas such as business, communications, and criminal justice are among the most popular, but the universitys location also makes it a great choice for fields like environmental studies and outdoor adventure leadership. SOU prides itself on connecting classroom work to the community through internships, research, and capstone projects. In athletics, the Southern Oregon Raiders compete in the NAIA Cascade Collegiate Conference for most sports. Considering applying to Southern Oregon University? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Southern Oregon University had an acceptance rate of 76%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 76 students were admitted, making SOUs admissions process somewhat competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 2,779 Percent Admitted 76% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 30% SAT Scores and Requirements Southern Oregon University requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 75% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 490 600 Math 430 550 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Southern Oregon Universitys admitted students fall within the bottom 29% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to SOU scored between 490 and 600, while 25% scored below 490 and 25% scored above 600. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 430 and 550, while 25% scored below 430 and 25% scored above 550. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1150 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Southern Oregon University. Requirements Southern Oregon University does not require the SAT writing section. Note that SOU participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. ACT Scores and Requirements Southern Oregon University requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 36% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 18 26 Math 17 24 Composite 19 25 This admissions data tells us that most of Southern Oregon Universitys admitted students fall within the bottom 46% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of admitted students received a composite ACT score between 19 and 25, while 25% scored above 25 and 25% scored below 19. Requirements Southern Oregon University does not require the optional ACT writing section. Unlike many universities, SOU superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of Southern Oregon Universitys incoming freshmen class was 3.33, and over 56% of incoming students had average GPAs of 3.25 and above. These results suggest that most successful applicants to SOU have primarily B grades. Note that SOU recommends that applicants have a minimum GPA of 2.5 in required college preparatory classes. Admissions Chances Southern Oregon University, which accepts more than three-quarters of applicants, has a somewhat selective admissions process.If your SAT/ACT scores and GPA fall within the schools average ranges, you have a strong chance of being accepted. Keep in mind, however, that Southern Oregon has a holistic admissions process involving other factors beyond grades and test scores. A minimum 2.5 GPA in rigorous high school courses that include a minimum of four years of English; three years of math, science, and social science; and two years in the same foreign language is required for admission. Applicants who do not meet these standards are encouraged to submit a writing sample, letters of recommendation, a resume, or other supporting documentation. If You Like Southern Oregon University, You May Also Like These Schools: University of WashingtonLewis Clark CollegeUC - Santa CruzUniversity of PortlandWashington State UniversityNorthern Arizona University All admissions data has been sourced form the National Center for Education Statistics and Southern Oregon University Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Abortion Should Not Be Legal - 1698 Words

Tyler DaHarb Ms. Cavarra English 9 13 March 2017 Abortion â€Å"In 2013, there were 664,435 abortions performed in the US that were reported to the CDC† (Wikipedia). This may seem like a lot, but imagine all the ruined lives after Donald Trump, â€Å"recently cut funding for abortion, but support groups have raised over 200 million dollars† (â€Å"USA Today†). Many people argue that taking a life is never right and should not happen under any circumstances, and this position is reasonable because people can go to jail for taking another’s life. However, abortion is far more complex than that because sometimes people don’t know the entire story or can’t comprehend any reason why this could happen. Taking a life of any kind is not right, but abortion†¦show more content†¦Women’s Health, talks about the different outcomes of a child with disabilities, and how they would fare in the real world without any special treatment or services. â€Å"Early intervention services try to address t he needs of children with disabilities and the needs of their families as early as possible.† Upon reading this, one can now see that raising a child with a disability requires immediate attention, and resources that a mother might not have just coming from giving birth. Down Syndrome Education Online goes into detail about the ups and downs of raising a child with down syndrome as well as other diseases. The website explains how although there are some families that flourish with a child who has a disability, there are other families who don’t do so well. â€Å"In these families, brothers, sisters and the child with Down syndrome are more likely to show behaviour difficulties. Parents are more likely to be struggling to cope and experiencing depression or health problems. All family relationships will be strained and family life affected. Some of the reasons that lead to families having a hard time have been identified and this information may be able to help parents, extended families and services to pinpoint their needs and ways to improve their situation if life is difficult to manage at present.† Even though there can be exceptions for families and mom’s with kids who have disabilities, someShow MoreRelatedAbortion Should Not Be Legal1647 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most highly debated topics is abortion and whether or not it should be legal. People who oppose abortion, meaning they are pro-life claim that abortion should be completely illegal with no aspects of it whatsoever; it can be a murder for the people standing against it. 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The proponentsRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pages Abortions have been performed on women for thousands of years. Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy. Most often it is performed during the first 20 weeks of being pregnant. The controversy over whether or not abortion should be legal continues to divide Americans till this day. An important landmark case was the Roe v. Wade case, where the Court argued that the zone of privacy was broad enough to encompass a woman s decision whether or not to terminateRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal? Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the word abortion is heard, it is always associated with many negative things such as murder and inhumanity. However not legalizing abortion creates a huge problem for women around the world. Having a child takes consideration, planning and preparation and if pregnancy happens without any of this, why bother to have it at all? 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There have been a lot of disagreements between the Pro-life supporters and the pro-choice supporters. Pro-life supporters feel like abortions deter murder, while pro-choice supporters believe that the women should be able to make their own decisions. I am a part of the pro-life supporters because I feel like abortions are wrong for several of reasons. Why should women get an abortion if there are other choices for

Public Health Well Being and Pollution Hazards

Question: Discuss about the Public Health for Well Being and Pollution Hazards. Answer: Introduction Natural calamities pose severe threats to the residents and their belongings in the Lake Macquarie city and these disasters are held responsible for more than three hundred million dollar damage per years in this city. The present-day assessment of total climaticjeopardies, together with health, well-being and pollution hazards,encounteredby Lake Macquarie over the period 2010 - 2019is projectedto be1,829 million dollars. Lake Macquarie region has suffered a number of major natural tragedies including storms, bushfires, and floods. Maximum environment models demonstration an expected intensification of the occurrence and extent of extreme events such as heavy precipitations, floods, and droughts. Lake Macquarie will likewise be affected by proposed sea level upsurge. The major long weekend storm in June 2007 give rise to in extensive inundating and wind damages. The infrastructure clean-up and destruction cost for Lake Macquariewas estimatedto benineteen million dollars. This amount does not take in private insurance claims. There are almost 18,570 properties in Lake Macquarie at the danger from a severe flood (4,947 low hazard notation and 213,626 high hazard notation). It is prime duty of a public health consultant toreviewcommunity ofthe vulnerable regionsand this hazard analysis report will discuss those vulnerabilities that are likely to occur due to flood, air pollution, and vector-borne diseases. Governmental acts and legislations for natural disasters There are several acts and legislations for the management of natural calamities. When it comes to natural calamity resilience, the vision is to decrease the vulnerability of the communities to natural hazards by encouraging stakeholders to form community resilience. Current legislation acts disaster management act (2003), public safety preservation act (1986), sustainable planning act (2009),QLDwater act (2000), environmental protection act (1994), fire and emergency services act (1990),QLDpublic health act (2005), work health and safety act (2011), regulation of the water supply (safety and reliability) act (2008) and electrical safety act (2002)(Unisdr.org 2016). Community profile The Lake Macquarie Cityis a native governmental region in the Hunterarea of New South Wales, Australia. This regionis locatednearby tothe conurbation ofNewcastleandwas announcedas an urban area from September 7, 1984. Lake Macquarie is almost 150kilometers (93miles) north of Sydney.The Mayor of Lake Macquarie Council is Cr. Jodie Harrison is a follower of the Labor Party.Theshireof Lake Macquariewas announcedon March 6, 1906. It converted into a municipality on March 1, 1977, and a city on September 7, 1984(Lakemac.com.au 2016). Population The Lake Macquarie cityhas a populationof 204,156 people, making it the 3rdlargest regional city of New South Wales by the populace. Population scattered around the lake area in ninety-five communities.At the 2011 census, there were 189,006 inhabitants in the Lake Macquarie native governmental region, of these 48.8 percent people were men and 51.2 percent people were women. Three percent of the population was made up of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population, which was greater than the state and national percentages.Trade hubs include Cardiff, Belmont, Charlestown, Toronto, Glendale,Morisset, and Swansea with its huge region and rapidly growing progress(Lakemac.com.au 2016). Geography Lake Macquarieis biggest coastal brackish lagoon in Australia. It issituated inthe Hunter province of New South Wales and covers an area of 42.5 square miles (110 square kilometers). This lakeis linkedto the Tasman Sea by a tiny canal. Maximum of the inhabitants of this city of Lake Macquarie live adjacent the shorelines of thewaterbody. Lake Macquarie is home to a number of conspicuous coastlinegreenbeltssuch as Caves Beach, Catherine Hill Bay, Redhead, and Blacksmiths Beach (Ebach2012). Climate and weather In summer the average temperature remains within20Cto25C. The highest temperature record is42C. Average winter temperature befalls within8Cto19C. Lowest record of winter temperature is 1.8C. March is the wettest month ofLake Macquarie and November is the driest month.Highest recorded precipitation in a day ofLake Macquarie area is 283.7mm(NSW National Parks 2016). Tourism One of its chief traveler pulls is its lake, also called Lake Macquarie. Caves beach, Murrays beach,MorissetPark,Watagansnational park, Catherine hill bay beach, mount sugarloaf and Lake Macquarie state conservation area are some other tourist spots. Spring is a lovely time to visit Lake Macquarie(Gibson2014). Community facilities and essential services The city ofLake Macquariehas a number of community facilities and services such as child cares, nursing homes, sporting settings, shopping centers, study centers, andhostels. Some facilities present in the cityare consideredimportant to the local community before during and after a disaster event. These are emergency and police services, ambulances, fire controls, medicalamnesties, pharmacies, fuel supply etc. for life-threatening emergencieshelplinenumber is 000, major bushfire event updateshelplineof the New South Wales rural fire services (NSW RFS) is 1800679737 and for flood and storm emergencieshelplinenumber of the State Emergency Services is 132500(Lakemac.com.au 2016). Disasters most likely to impact on community ofLake Macquarie Flooding The regional communities of Lake Macquarie have been affected by weather associated natural calamities such as floods and bushfires which became a lot more frequent over the past decades. Flooding within the City of Lake Macquarie happens in and around the main and minor watercourses that passage into the waterway of Lake Macquarie. Flooding also arises on lower plains nearby to the portions of Lake Macquarie watercourse (Lakemac.com.au 2016). In June 2016, almost 18,613 probable flood prone zone properties were potentially affected by inundating. As the climate of the Earth changes with the increase of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere, floods due to heavy precipitations and sea level rising will occur morefrequentlyand will become more devastating(Unisdr.org 2016). Mitigation measures The aim of the local council is to mitigate the effects of flood and flood liabilities on property holders, businesses, and dwellers of flood-prone properties, and to decrease public and private damages consequent from floods. Council has implemented a strategic managing approaches to flood-plains, aided by the principles and guidelines defined in the NSW flood-plain development guidebook, (April 2005).Council has an active floodplain managing commission (established in 1981), that matures and implements studies related to flood and hazard controlling strategies to support andreducethe threat of inundating in the city (Council, L.M.C. 2012). Construction of dams, improved drainage system, prevention of structures in high-risk zones, raising awareness to the community, warning system, evacuation plans are some essential mitigation strategies (Howeet al. 2014). Bushfires Some of Australias worst fires hadhigh temperatures, low humidity, and strong winds; this wasevidentin the month of October 2013.AtLake Macquarie, the heat peaked at 96.1Fahrenheit (35.6Celsius) on 10th October; with highest wind speed measured at twenty-twokilometers per hour (fourteenmph) from the northwest on 13 October(Bom.gov.au, 2016). On 23rd October an emergency noticewas distributed, for a fire near Oakdale Road atGatesheadin theLake Macquarienative government region, in theDudley-Redheadzone. Late in that evening, the fire was scorchingin the direction oftheAwabakalNature Reserve and by 25th October the fire had scorched more than 600 acres.According to the recent climate report of Australia is experiencing more extreme warm days and severe fire seasons(Csiro.au 2016). Mitigation measures Three-quarters of Lake Macquarie citywas documentedas bush fire susceptible zones (Lakemac.com.au 2016). For the residents of these zones being emergencypreparedand well-organized in advance is the utmost protection measure. Having a strategy when bush fire intimidates life or belongings and knowing whom to communication is extremely vital in a disastrous condition.Theofficialwebsite Rural Fire Serviceprovides significant information on constructing individual survival plan for a bush fire. Thefact sheetofliving with bush fire delivers supplementary information on how a person can cope with bushfire events(Rfs.nsw.gov.au 2016). If any inhabitant lives within 100 meters of bushland which is beyond 1 hectare in dimension and the bush-land is wider than 20 meter, that resident needs to be alert of what one should do and where to go during the time of bushfire incidents (Douglas 2016). There is Neighbourhood Safer Places (NSP) within the Lake Macquarie community that can offer a greater level of shelter from the immediate life threatening impact of bush fires(Rfs.nsw.gov.au 2016).Mitigation measures also include public awareness, warning systems, evacuation strategies, effective communication system and review of current acts and regulations(Lakemac.com.au 2016). Air pollution The leading causes of air particle discharges in the Lake Macquarie area are from energy generating plants at Eraring, Lake Munmorah, and Vales Point. Further sources are motor automobiles, coal mining, excavating, recreational ships and domestic firewood burning. The NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA) conducted an analysis of air quality in the Lake Macquarie region, in response to the community demand. The analysis measured data from September 2013 to June 2016, collected by the NSW Government and industries. A comprehensive assessment of the years 2014 and 2015 established that quality of air was very good for fair (ninety-nine percent) of the period during 2014 and 2015, compared to the Air Quality Index of NSW (Epa.nsw.gov.au 2016). Air quality is measured by the intensity of the identified air contaminants. Air pollutants in the city of Lake Macquarie area mainly contain nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter of 2.5 micrometers in diameter or fewer pollutants with the diameter of ten micrometers or less, and aggregated volatile organic compounds measured as atmospheric ozone (lakemac.com.au 2016). Particulate matters with the diameter of ten micrometers or less, and particulate matter with the diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less are the most prevalent contaminants in the Hunter Valley area (Epa.nsw.gov.au 2016). Particulate matters with the diameter of ten micrometers usually consist of pollen grains, mold spores, and materials that have been physically crumpled into dust particles. Particulate Matters of 2.5 micrometers mostly consist of elements from ignition procedures, for instance, frequently from fire and power stations (Lakemac.com.au 2016). Mitigation measures The overall air quality is good in the Lake Macquarie city. Maintenance is required to keep the air quality in the present condition and efforts are needed to enhance the air quality. Emission control devices are required to control air pollution (McManus et al. 2014). Public awareness is also necessary. Servicing and maintenance vehicles on a regular basis, and other petrol and diesel-driven equipment, selecting substitutes to vehicles transport such as walking, cycling or taking public transports whenever conceivable are some mitigation measures (Xia et al. 2015). City council of Lake Macquarie region efforts in association with the NSW government and industries to diminish exposures to air contamination. Several initiatives for decreasing the habit of private transports in the city by improving cycle passages, encouraging cycling and walking, enhancing unconventional types of conveyance in developmental planning, stimulating the accurate usage of domestic wood-fired furnaces via leaflets, web-site contents, and targeted awareness activities, mapping of air quality to categorize zones in the city with air affluence that is projected to be beyond the standard thresholds and the Air Quality Reference Group for industries in the Lake Macquarie city, which is a bi-annual conference of representatives from industries in the area that radiate substantial quantities of air contaminants, to arrange for a conversation environment on air contamination mitigation strategies (Lakemac.com.au 2016). Vector-borne diseases Vector-borne diseases are triggered by infection producing microbes that are transmitted by fly, mosquitoes and ticks known as vectors. When vectors bite animals or human beings, it can transfer pathogenic microbes that may source severe complaint and even death (Csiro.au 2016). As identified by (Wyong.nsw.gov.au 2016 and Ng et al. 2014), Ross river virus (RRV), Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) or Kunjin virus (KUNV) and Barmah forest virus (BFV) are the most common vector-borne diseases. Mitigation measures One of important strategy is the integrated vector management which reinforces linkages between health and environment, optimizing benefits to both. Biological control of vectors is a sustainable process that kills vectors without any harmful ecological impacts. Chemical vector control methods such as space sprays, indoor residual spraying, and the usage of chemical larvicides diminish disease progression by restriction or disturbing the lifecycle of the vectors (Van den Berg et al. 2012). Ailing planned irrigation and drainage system, deprived waste management, deforestation and loss of biodiversity, may contribute to the most prevalent vector-borne diseases such as dengue, malaria, and leishmaniasis (Who.int 2016). Conclusion Lake Macquarie is a beautiful place for living. Lake Macquarie city council work hard to keep the city free from pollution and mitigation of environmental disasters. Many regions of the city are flood prone region, thus a special emphasis on flood management is required. Due to climate change the frequency of flood and storms are becoming higher. Lake Macquarie will likewise be affected by proposed sea level upsurge. Climate change is another cause of temperature increase in Australia. Warm and dry temperature is the prime cause of bush fire events. Therefore, more alert is needed for bushfire management. Air quality is quite good in this region but proper strategies are required to maintain the air quality. Vector-borne diseases are great problem after a flood or other natural calamities. This report discusses the main natural disasters of Lake Macquarie region, existing as well as the possible mitigation measures to overcome the traumatic situations. These mitigation measures requi re the involvement of the city council, government bodies and the residents of the city. References Bom.gov.au. 2016. Australia's official weather forecasts weather radar - Bureau of Meteorology. Council, L.M.C., 2012. Lake Macquarie Waterway Flood Risk Management and Study, June 2012, Lake Macquarie NSW, Australia: Lake Macquarie City Council (LMCC). Douglas, G., 2016. Bushfire management for private land.Nature New South Wales,60(3), p.22. Ebach, M.C., 2012. A history of bioregionalisation in Australia.Zootaxa,3392. Epa.nsw.gov.au. 2016. NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA). Gibson, C., 2014. 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